- Generally have the same size, shape and appearance as bacteria
- Multiply by binary fission
- Move using flagella
- Walls do not have peptidoglycan
- Membrane lipids have ether bonds
- prokaryotic
Organism 1: Pyrococcus furiosus
Domain: Archaea
Kingdom:
Phylum: Euryarchaeota
Class: Thermococci
Order: Thermococcales
Family: Thermococcaceae
Genus: Pyrococcus
Species: P. furiosus
Figure 5: Pyrococcus furiosus painting
Figure 6: Pyrococcus furiosus magnified
Pyrococcus furiosus is a species of Archaea. It is a single celled organism that has no nucleus or any membrane bound organelles. It has a round head typically between 0.8 and 2.5 microns in diameter, and many attached archaella, which are very similar to flagella. It lives in marine sediments, and it is unique in that it multiplies every 37 minutes, meaning that every 37 minutes, the number of individual organisms is multiplied by 2. It grows between 70 °C (158 °F) and 103 °C (217 °F), with an optimum temperature of 100 °C (212 °F), and between pH 5 and 9. It grows well on yeast extract, maltose, cellobiose, starch, and protein sources. It is widely used in research because of its ability to withstand high variations in temperature [13].
Why does it belong here?
It belongs to Archaea because it is a single celled organism, however, it is not a bacteria because unlike bacteria its cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan.
Organism 2: Sulfolobus solfataricus
Kingdom: Archae
Phylum: Crenarchaeota
Class: Thermoprotei
Order: Sulfolobales
Genus: Sulfolobus
Species: S. solfataricus
Figure 7: Sulfolobus solfataricus magnified
Sulfolobus solfataricus was one of the first Thermophilic archaea to be discovered. It was found in the volcanic springs in Yellowstone National Park. It grows at 176 degrees Fahrenheit in volcanic hot springs and at a ph of around 3. It is a thermoacidophile, meaning that it loves heat and acid. [14]. It has a round, sphere like shape and has a flagellum that is clockwise. The cell wall has special proteins that transport carbs into the cell. Ion channels that keep potassium levels normal. [15]It receives energy from growing on sulfur or other organisms and it is an autotroph.
Why does it belong here?
Sulfolobus solfataricus is a member of Domain Archaea because It is a single celled organism and its cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan. In addition, it reproduces asexualy, which is another characteristic that allows it to be a part of Domain Archaea.